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A. W. HOUCHIN AND C-. E. LUBURG.

COIL.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 30. 917.

Patented June 17, 1919.

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COIL.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 30. 1917. 1 ,306,81 5. Patented June 17, 1919.

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COIL.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 30 1917- 1,306,815. Patented June 17, 1919.

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ALFRED W. HOUCHIN AND CHARLES E. LUBURG, OF KIRKWOOD, NEW JERSEY,

ASSIGNORS '10 SHOCKLESS ELECTRIC CORPORATION, OF KIRKWOOD, NEW JERSEY, ACORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

com.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented'June 17,1919,

Application filed April 30, 1917. Serial No. 165,592.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, ALFRED W. HOUCHIN andCHARLES E. LUBURG, citizens of the United States, residing at Kirkwood,in the county of Camden and State of New Jersey, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Coils; and we do declare the.

following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same.

This invention relates generally to electrical appliances, but moreparticularly to an electro-magnet of improved construction.

One object of the invention is to provide a principle of magnetconstruction which maybe effectively and practically employed as a sparkcoil for ignition systems, as a field magnet for dynamos or othercurrent generatin machines and devices, and'is applicable or many otheruses too numerous to herein enumerate.

Another object of the invention is to generall improve upon devices ofthis character y the provision of a comparatively, simple, strong,durable and inexpensive construction, and one which will be efiicientand reliable in operation, 'and'well adapted for the purposes for whichit is designed.

With these and other objects in view, the invention resides in certainnovel features of construction, and the combination and arrangement ofparts to be hereinafter fully described and claimed. 1 p

.The descriptive matter of'the application is supplemented by theaccompanying draw- .ings in which Figure 1 is a diagrammatic embodimentof the principle of the invention, illustrat-v ing-its use as a sparkcoil in connection with a make and break ignition system for internalcombustion engines;

Fig. 2 is an end view of the spark coil or electro-magnet according tothis present embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3 is a central vertical longitudinal sectional view of theelectro-magnet;

Fig. 4 is atransverse sectional view thereof taken on the planeindicated by the scribed, characters will be its use as a field magnetfor a dynamo, showing also diagrammatically a line circuit for thedynamo and the necessary appurtenances therein;

.Fig. 8 is a vertical transverse sectlonal view of the dynamo, such viewbeing taken on the plane passing through the central axis of the core ofthe field magnet thereof; Fig. 9 is an enlarged vertical sectional viewof a portion of the field magnet ofthe dynamo;

' Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional view, partly broken away, of thecore of the field ma et coil of the dynamo;

ig. 11 isa side elevation, artly broken awa and in section, of a mo'fied form of con uctor which may be used for winding of (tihe coil, inwhatever manner it is to be use Figs. 12, 13 and 14 are similar views offurther modifications of the conductor for the winding of the coil; and

Figs. 11, 12, 13, and 14 are transverse sectional views of theconductors above referred to, taken respectively on the planes of thelines 1111, 12"12, 1313, and 19-14 of Figs. 11, 12, 13 and 14respectively.

In specificall -.describing the structure briefly deshown in the rawingsabove laced on the numerous elements, and ref rence will be herein madeto them by their respective indices. To. this end, referring for thepresent to Figs. 1 to 5, the numeral 1 designates a core, which maybe=.formed'in"any suitable manner, but which ispreferably made up of aplurality of soft iron wires 2 made into abundle, and here'shown asbeing circular in cross section, Est-ending through a centrallongitudinal .openmg 3.1n the core 1 is a current conducting member orrode,

composedpreferably of copper. (This copper rod A4 preferably contactsvwith the. in? ner'most iron wires'2 throughout the entire length of the.jecting, beyond the ends of the same for a latter, and has "its ends.pro

purpose whlchnwillhereinafter appear.

The opposite ends of the core 1 are jwedgedginto the" central openings 5and 6 er a pair or plates 7 and 8 respectively, it,

. 8 serve as however, is 'to beunderstood that any other suitable meansmay be utilized for accompli'shing'this mounting. These plates 7 andheads for the coil for supporting the same and for retaining the windingthereon."v y

The winding ust referred to is designated by the numeral 9. It iscomposedof separate and-independent sections 10 and 11 of copper andiron wire respective-ly, the cross sectional area of the copper wirebeing slightly greater than that of the iron wire, as most clearlyshown. in Fig. 5 of the drawings. However, it is to be understoodthatthe relative sizes of the iron and copper wires may be changed toproduce the best re- 'inner layer thereof and sults according to themanner iii-which .the-

electro magnet is to be used.

The winding 9 is wound upon'the' core inare electrically connected withthefcopper rod d and incidentally with theiron' core 1 inasmuch as thewires 2 of whichthe latter is composedfare in contact with said rod.

While this connection may be made in nu merous ways, the mostconvenient. is'by wrappingorwinding these ends ofthe s'ec-' tions aroundone of the protruding ends of the copper rod 4: as shown at 13, and thensoldering them thereto? The other or outer end of the iron 'seetion 11is wrapped or wound around and soldered to the other protruding 'endgofthe rod 4,

and thus similarly electrically connected with the latter and with thecore -1. This end. of the rod 4 is electrically "connected with abinding post 16 by a short conductor 117i, said binding post being fixedto the coil ead 7 in any suitable manner. Fixed to thehead 'Z in asimilar manner is a second binding post 18 to which the other or outerend of the copper section 10 is electrically connected. ltis to be hereunde'arstoodthat the provision and location of the binding posts 16 and18 is merely a matter of convenience,

are not connected in any manner to the copcuit wire.

for the and forms no part of the present invention,

and may beentirely omitted, moved to another position, or other'suitabledevices substituted therefor as occasion requires.

Fig; 6 illustrates a modified and simplified form of .theeledtro-magnet. From this it maybe seen thatthe copper rod 4; has beenentirely omitted, and also that the ends of the iron sectlon 1]. areleft free, that is, they per section 10 or the. iron core 1. This Sim--plified form of .our electro-magnet will opcrate, but better results areobtained with the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 5.

In Fig. 1 of the drawings, the electromagnet is diagrammaticallyrepresented, and is shown connected and arranged in-the circuit ofanordinary make and break ignition system for internalcombustionengines. In this figure, the letter B designates a bat- A anintermittently operable contact carrying arm, C a' fixed contact, and Da cir- The ends of the wire D are connected to the binding posts 16 and18.

- The electrical theories involved during the operation of this'elect'ro-magnet as a spark coil, and the manner in which one elementafiects the others are not known, but eXten-. sive experimentation'hasshown that a hotter and larger spark is" obtained with this'coil' thanwith one of the ordinary construction using the same initial voltage. Asfar as can be determined, the electrical energy produced by the coil is'shockless, forth'ebare wires or terminals of the coil can be readily.10o handled, and no current will manifest itself as being presenttherein except by the heat and spark at the time of the make and break.

Thus, thecoil is especially adapted foruse by careless persons, andthose who have very little knowledge of and fear electricity.

Absolutely no waterproofing or impregnating insulation or varnish isnecessary for application to the .wire or wires which constitute theWinding of this coil, and it is therefore preferable to use an ordinarycotton covering for the copper wire with absolutely no waterproofing,insulating or .impregnating agency. Obviously, the expenseoimanufacturing. electro-magnets 1S greatly reduced by thisinventioinfor the windings heretofore knowni have necessarily beentreated with some waterproofing or impregnating agency. Even with theordinarycot-' ton covering for the-copper Wire, the coil 12 willeffectively-operate when completely sub merged in water. Furthermore,the spark can be produced under water. 1

Figs. 8, 9 and 10 illustratethe structural adaptation of thiselectro-magnet for use as 12 a field magnet for dynamo electric or othercurrent generating machines and devices. In these figures, the letters Eand F represent the pole pieces and'G the armature of the wellknown typeof dynamo. The pole 13 spectively pieces E and F are detachablyconnected to the ends of a comparatively large, cylindrical soft steelcore member 19 having therein a centrally arranged longitudinallyextending opening 20. Disposed in this opening 20 is a supplemental core21 composed, as in the spark coil, of a bundle of soft iron wires 22.Through the core 21 extends a copper rod 23.

Surrounding the portion of the member 19 which is disposed between theinner sides of the pole pieces E and F is'a cylindrical or tubular spoolmember 24 provided at its ends with heads-25. The field winding,composed of' sections 26 and 27 of copper and iron wire, is wound uponthe spool member 24 in the same manner as the spark coil was wound, thesections being wound at the same time and being disposed side by sideand connected with the cop er rod 23 also in the manner abovedescribecll Referring now to Fig. '1 of. the drawings, where the dynamois diagrammatically represented, it will be seen that the free end ofthe copper section 26 is connected by a conductor a to one terminal of aswitch 6, while the end ofthe copper rod 23 opposite to that to whichthe other end of the copper section 26 is connected, is connected by aconductor 0 to one terminal of a rheostatd, the other terminal of whichis connected by a conductor e to the other terminal of the switch 5-.Conductors f and 9 connect the terminals of the switch I) with thebrushes h and a re of the dynamo. j represents the line circuit suppliedby the dynamo and cons'ists in the present instance of a plurality ofincandescent lamps. I

It has been found that the presence of a field magnet wound andconnected in this manner causes an instantaneous and automaticregulation when the load is suddenly increased or decreased about 25%.If a short circuit is efi'ected across the switch 6, a completedemagnetization of the field magnet takes place. As soon as the shortcircuit is removed, the voltage at once resumes its normal amount.

Where the increase or decrease in the load is 25% or less, theregulation is so efiective and instantaneous that no flickering of thelights in the circuit j is noticeable.

As is true in regard to the spark coil, moisture or water does notafiect the operation ofthe field coil. t is therefore preferable tocover the. copper section 26 merelywith ordinary cotton wrapping withoutvarnish or other impregnating agency.

In Figs. 11 and- 11 of the drawings, a modified form of the. conductorfor the winding of the coil, in whatever manner it is to be used,'isshown. tions 28 and 29 are twistedltogether and covered with a singlecotton wrap ing 30.

Another modification .of the above remember within the Here the twosec-.

ferred to conductor is shown in Figs. 12 and 12*. In this, a pluralityofcopper and iron wires 28' and 29 res ectively are twisted to-' getherthe same as cable, and then covered wrapping 30.

In Figs. 13 and 13 the copper and iron sections 28 and 29 are in theform of strips or ribbons disposed side by side and soldered or weldedtogether, and then wrapped with a single cotton covering 30 A stillfurther modification is shown in Figs. 14 and 14 consisting of cottoncovered, copper clad iron wire, the copper section being represented bythe numeral 28,

with a single cotton the ironsection by the numeral 29 and thecottoncovering by the numeral 30 The specific construction of a coilconstructed in accordance with this invention and using a conductor ofthis character, forms the subjectmatter of our co-pending application,Filed April 30, 1917, Serial No. 165,593. While copper and iron are thepreferred substances from which-to construct the sections of the windingfor the coil, yet numerous other substances may be substituted for them,so long as the copper substitute is a non-magnetic metal and the ironsubstitute is a magnetic metal.

In the claims where the current conductt e-strands ofa rope or.

ing member is defined as being arranged in inductive relation with resect to one of said sections, it is not inten ily be limited to disposingthe conductin windm of the co Similarly, where it is define as beingarranged in juxtaposition with the core, it is not intended to benecessarily limited to extend through the core.

Numerous changes and modifications other than those herein enumeratedmay be made without departing from the spirit and principle of theinvention as now claimed 1. An electro-magnet including awindingcomposed of sections of magnetic and non'-" magnetic metals anda,current conductmg member connected in series with one of saidsections-end arranged in inductive relation with respect thereto.

2'. An eIectro-magnet comprising a core, a current conductingmemberarranged in juxtaposition with said core, and a single winding -for saidcore. composed of sections of magnetic and non-magnetic metals, one oisaid sectionsbeing connected in serieswith said current conductingmember.

3. An electro-niagnet comprising a core, a current conducting memberextending longitudinally through said core, and a single winding forsaid core composed of sections of magnetic and non-magnetic metals, oneof said sections being connected in series with said icurrentconducting. member.

4. An electro-magnet comprising a core, and aisingle winding for saidcore composed ed to necessarnals electrically connected with said core,

another of said sections being adapted tobe included in an electriccircuit. 4

5, Ah electro-magnetcomprising a core, a current conducting memberarranged in '11):- taposition with said core and extending ongitudinallyof. the same, and a single winding for said'core composed of sections ofmagnetic and non-magnetic metals, one 0 said sections being connected inseries with said current conducting member, and another of said sectionshaving its terminals electrically connected with said core an saidcurrent conducting member.

6. An electro-magnet comprising a core, a current conductingmembera'rranged in juxtaposition with said core, said core and saidmember being composed respectively of magnetic andnon-magneticsubstances, and a single winding for said core composed ofsections of magnetic and non-magnetic substances, one of said sectionsbeing-connected in series with said current conducting memer.

-7."In an electromagnet, a core composed of a bundle of softiron wires,a copper rod parallel with said soft iron wires and extend= ingcentrally through said core, copper wire wound around. said bundle ofiron wires and copper rod and having ends electrically connectedrespectively with the end portions of said copper. rod and having otherends connected with a sourceof electric energy, and an iron wirewoundaround said bundle of iron wires and having its endselectricallyconnected to and termmating at the end pord 'tions of said copper rodbeyond the ends of said bundle of iron wires. In testimony whereof wehave hereunto set our hands in'the presence of two subscribingwitnesses.

' ALFRED W. HOUCHIN.

, CHARLES E. LUBURG.

Witnesses:

ALFRED W. Houonm, Jr., J. M. Bmons.

